Introduction.- The social context of efl.- Student characteristics.- Learning foreign languages: learner strategies.- The fl teacher.- The foreign language classroom.- Foreign language teaching methods.- Syllabus design and implications for teaching units.- Listening comprehension.- Oral communication.- Reading.- Writing.- Linguistic and communicative competence.- Sociolinguistic and sociocultural competence.- Discourse and foreign language teaching methodology.- Games and songs in teaching english.- The teaching of literature.- Testing and assessment, etc...